A honey factory
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Jérémy,Florian, Mickaël and Henri present you their article in french and in english.
We chose the theme of bees because we find that few people know and understand the complexity of the working of the hive.
Community - Reproduction - Dance of the bees -defense - Honey - Bee-keepers
Communities of bees
A lot of bees are lone (bee charpentière) but bees structo sensu, the evolved more, are some social bugs. Bumblebees, thick shaggy bees, are also some social bugs, but their colonies only last one year, and alone females impregnated to the fall winter. To the spring, they will create new colonies, the most often under ground, in the old nests of mouse.
All bees that can only live in colonies produce wax, that they use for the construction of the nest mixed with other materials. Bees mellifèreses only use pure wax.
A community of bees includes three types of individus : queen (femelle) ; forgery-bumblebees (mâles) ; worker (sterile females). These different bees will have each a function in the hive. The queen and her workers cooperate for the colony. Bees butinents flowers to harvest the nectar that serves to make the honey.
The queen: It is the alone female to lay in the community. It is therefore the mother of all bees: the false bumblebees, workers and the future queens. Reproduction often passes the 1500 eggs whose mass is equal the one of his/her/its body. It has a thicker abdomen and its mandibles are armed of cutting sides, it doesn't have an appendix (baskets to pollen).
Workers: Workers are between 8000 and 15000 (in the moderate regions). Activities are: cleaning, buffing of cells, construction of alveolar, young bee nutrition, to warm and to cool cells, evacuation of deaths, butinage of nectar or pollen,.
All begins when the queen puts down a œuf in each of radius cells. If the ovum is impregnated, it will be born a worker (sterile female), otherwise, it will be a forgery-bumblebee (male).
Three days later, the egg hatches and the larva is fed of royal frost (substance produced by workers).
The fourth day, larvas of forgery-bumblebees and workers are nourished to the honey, the future queens are only fed of royal frost.
It is necessary to eight days thereabouts so that the larva has his/her/its adult size. During their adult life, bees often shelter themselves in their hive protected by a tree. Toward the twentieth day, they will leave the nest for the first time and will go butiner the last six weeks of their life.
The male (forgery-bumblebee): The male doesn't carry any stings. Its only function is to pair off with the new queens. The mating makes himself in flight. The male dies quickly. The queen generally pairs off with 5 or 6 males of it spaces it of some days.
The dance of bees
The exploring bee executes the dance in eight before its companions to signal them that it discovered the nectar or the pollen, far of the hive. It indicates the direction by the middle of the eight and the number of towers indicates the distance.
The exploring bee executes a circular dance to announce to its companions that it found a bush close to the hive.
The honey
The domestic bees harvest the nectar of flowers (syrupy substance * very rich in sugar). This nectar is taken by workers who transform it in honey in pockets of their digestive devices (jowls). It serves to especially to feed larvas.
syrupy: it is as of the syrup.
The bee only pricks once. To free itself/themselves of the victim's surface, it must abandon its sting indeed bristling with prickle as well as its gland to venom in its victim's skin. Venom finishes to infiltrate in the victim's skin because small muscles continue to function. Without sting, the bee dies.
Bee-keepers raise bees, what permits them to harvest products that they manufacture (honey, wax, royal frost, etc).
We propose you to visit this site for in to know more. It is schoolboys of the Meeting who make the apiculture
http://www.ac-reunion.fr/pedagogie/covergesp/abeilles/abeilles.htm
sources: clipart of " Print Artist 4"